A process used to apply photovoltaic semiconductor material to a substrateThe physical material upon which a photovoltaic cell is applied. by a physical vapor depositionA method of depositing thin semiconductor photovoltaic films. With this... process where high‐energy ions are used to bombard elemental sources of semiconductor material, which eject vapors of atoms that are then deposited in thin layers on a substrateThe physical material upon which a photovoltaic cell is applied..